Dot gain 도트 게인?
Dot gain is the difference between the dot percentage in the print and the corresponding dot percentage from Prepress. (film / computer to plate)
도트게인이란?
실제로 오프셋 인쇄된 망점면적율을 측정할 때 필름의 망점보다 인쇄된 종이의 프로세스 망점이 약간 커지는 현상이 발생하는데 이를 도트게인이라고 한다.
인쇄 시 이 도트게인으로 인해 프로세스 컬러인쇄의(C,M,Y,K) 색 재현이 차이가 나게 되는 원인이 된다. 도트게인의 크기는 원래 필름과 인쇄물의 망점 퍼센트와의 차이로 표현된다. 예를 들어 필름의 망점이 50%이며 인쇄 시 프로세스 망점이 65%가 되면 도트게인15%가 된다.
도트게인은 망점의 크기에 의존하며 망점크기가 50% 일 때 가장 커지게 되며 인쇄판 제판, 인쇄기의 조정, 종류 등의 영향을 받기 때문에 고정적이지 않습니다.
A 원인
- 잉크의 유화율, 점탄성, 인압, 판 온도, 습수 올림 등의 .요인이 된다.
- 인쇄할 때 판과 고무통 사이의 인쇄압이 너무 세다.
- 잉크가 묽으면 망점이 크게 된다.
- 롤로압 설정, 통꾸밈 요소에 따라 망점 크기가 달라진다.
- 제판할 때 빛 산란으로 광학적 도트게인도 발생한다.
- 잉크막 두께, 잉크의 유동성에 따라 달라진다.
B. 대책
- 도트게인의 처치는 제판공정에서 미리 망점을 작게 재현시킨다.
- 잉크 유동성을 적합하게, 잉크막 두께를 엷게 인쇄한다.
- 롤러압을 알맞게 조정하고, 인쇄물에 따라 통꾸밈을 알맞게 인쇄압이 세지 않도록 한다.
- 종이 뜯김 방지로 넣는 컴파운드와 리듀서(reducer)를 많이 넣어서는 안된다.
- 축임물을 많이 내어 유화(乳化)가 생겨 잉크의 점성과 탄성을 떨어뜨려서는 안된다.
- 무엇보다 알맞은 탄성과 계면(界面)장력을 유지하는 것이 중요하다.
Source : http://the-print-guide.blogspot.kr/search/label/Dot%20Gain
The principle of dot gain compensation plate curves
Dot gain, or tone value increase (TVI), is a normal part of the print reproduction process. Controlling tones using calibration means that you can manipulate the exact size of the dots on the printing plates so that tone saturation and gray balance are controlled on the press sheet.
Tonal calibration can account for:
• type of plate or film used
• type of paper stock used for printing
• type of dot shape used
• type of screening used—for example, FM/Stochastic or AM/XM conventional, and frequency (lines per inch (lpi))
(Note: Adjusting CtP laser exposure is not tonal calibration and will affect the run length and performance of the plate.)
You cannot use tonal calibration as a substitute for stable operating conditions. Operating conditions must be controlled as a separate process. In fact, without a stable operating environment, you cannot achieve accurate tonal calibration let alone reliable press output.
What Is Tonality?
Printers are used to being concerned with dot gain/TVI. Indeed dot gain values are often included in printing specifications. However, for the purposes of calibration – tonality or dot area, rather than dot gain, is the key metric. It does not matter what dot gain you have. What matters is whether you achieve the required final tone values or dot areas at each originally requested tone.


The target print characteristic tone curveBuilding dot gain compensation plate curves always begins with a target print characteristic, i.e. what you want to achieve on press. This is called the target curve – the current tone reproduction that you wish to achieve. It could be your current press work, a proof, or it could be an industry supplied set of tone values. You measure the target sample and enter the dot area (tonal value) for the tints achieved on the target curve graph. If the target is a press sheet, for example, your current 150 lpi AM/XM presswork, the graph will represent your current tone print characteristic:



The graphs are then examined by looking at the original requested Postscript tone and the target response (left chart) and comparing it with the new tone response (right chart):



The comparison between target curve and new current curve is made for each 10% change in tone.
The idea is then to map these values so that a tone request in the original file gets changed to a new value that produces the same final tone as the same tone request did in the old target presswork. The result is a lookup table for tone swapping.
In this example:
The requested 10% tone is remapped to request for a 4% tone
The requested 20% tone is remapped to request for a 10% tone
The requested 30% tone is remapped to request for a 18% tone
The requested 40% tone is remapped to request for a 24% tone
The requested 50% tone is remapped to request for a 30% tone
The requested 60% tone is remapped to request for a 40% tone
The requested 70% tone is remapped to request for a 50% tone
The requested 80% tone is remapped to request for a 65% tone
The requested 90% tone is remapped to request for a 80% tone
The lookup table creates the dot gain compensation plate curve.


- It does not matter if the plates are initially run “uncalibrated” or linear for the target presswork.
- A dot gain compensation plate curve is not usually applied to the tone range from 0%-5% and 95% to 100%.
- One dot gain compensation plate curve is usually applied to all process colors.
- There may be a need to apply a specific dot gain compensation plate curve to one of the process colors to maintain gray balance.
- Dot gain compensation plate curves cannot compensate for differences in gamut between FM/Stochastic screens and conventional AM/XM screens.
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